Special Report: SUN STREAK Evaluation

“SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM SECRET ... SPECIAL REPORT ... SUN STREAK EVALUATION ... WARNING NOTICE: THIS MATERIAL IS RESTRICTED TO THOSE WITH VERIFIED ACCESS TO SUN STREAK LEVEL 3 (SS-3). CLASSIFIED BY: DIA/ST DECLASSIFY BY: OADR SECRET/NOFORN SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM”

- the ellipses mark large blank vertical gaps on the page between the centred lines; nothing is omitted except white space. 'SPECIAL REPORT' and 'SUN STREAK EVALUATION' are centred and widely separated; 'SUN STREAK EVALUATION' is underlined, as is 'WARNING NOTICE:'. - this page carries NO date, no originator address block, no report or serial number, and no signature. The words 'Defense Intelligence Agency' do not appear spelled out; the only agency identification on this page is the abbreviation 'DIA/ST' in the classification block. The heavy black bar and small marks in the left/top margin are scan artefacts from the edge of the original, not markings. No handwriting on this page.

“UNCLASSIFIED CONTENTS PURPOSE ... i I BACKGROUND ...1 II EVALUATION ...2 1. data base 2. evaluation techniques 3. evaluation results III FINDINGS ...3 APPENDIX I. PROJECT RECORD DETAILS II. DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS TO ANALYSTS/DATA REVIEWERS UNCLASSIFIED”

- the '...' in each contents line replaces a long unbroken run of typed hyphens used as a leader dot line; I have not attempted to reproduce the exact number of hyphens. The page numbers as printed in this contents list are: PURPOSE i, I BACKGROUND 1, II EVALUATION 2, III FINDINGS 3. The three EVALUATION sub-entries and the two APPENDIX entries carry NO page numbers at all in the list. The APPENDIX entries are numbered I. and II. and the word APPENDIX is underlined. - the contents page itself bears no printed page number. - Appendix II is listed here as 'ANALYSTS/DATA REVIEWERS' (plural ANALYSTS) whereas the Appendix II divider sheet at pdf p.13 reads 'ANALYST/DATA REVIEWERS' (singular ANALYST); both are transcribed as printed. - CONTENTS and UNCLASSIFIED are centred; CONTENTS is underlined.

“LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. Number of projects as a function of type FIGURE 2. Data Categories FIGURE 3. evaluation scales FIGURE 4. summary data evaluation SHEET----Example FIGURE 5. Overall data correlations FIGURE 6. Overall averages for all project types FIGURE 7. Expected results for approximately 70% data accuracy---selected personnel”

- the capitalisation is inconsistent as typed and is reproduced exactly: 'Data Categories' and 'Overall...' initial-capped, 'evaluation scales' and 'summary data evaluation' lower-case, 'SHEET' in full capitals inside an otherwise lower-case entry. - 'LIST OF FIGURES' is underlined and centred. - the run of hyphens before 'Example' and before 'selected' is transcribed approximately (4 and 3 hyphens respectively as they appear at this rendering). - IMPORTANT NEGATIVE: none of the seven figures is present in this file. The 13 pages contain no chart, bar chart, table or illustration of any kind. This LIST OF FIGURES page has no page number printed on it, and the figures are given no page numbers in the list.

“SECRET SUN STREAK EVALUATION PURPOSE: (S/NF/SS-2) Purpose of this report is to provide an evaluation of the SUN STREAK operational projects conducted since 1986. I BACKGROUND: (U) SECRET”

- the doubled space in 'SUN STREAK' in the purpose sentence is as typed. - this page is otherwise blank: the section I heading sits alone about a third of the way down and nothing follows it; the section I text begins on the next sheet (pdf p.5). The contents list assigns 'i' to PURPOSE, but no 'i' or any other number is printed on this sheet. - 'SUN STREAK EVALUATION' and 'PURPOSE:' and 'BACKGROUND:' are underlined.

“I BACKGROUND (U) (S/SF/SS-2) SUN STREAK is an in-house DIA project for developing an operational psychoenergetics (i.e., remote viewing) capability for the Intelligence Community. Twelve GDIP billets were authorized for DIA in 1986 for this activity. Personnel from the army INSCOM CENTER LANE Project also had been examining similar phenomenon were transferred to DIA to form the SUN STREAK core group. DIA had earlier (1985) received operational control from the DA for this 6 person army unit. (S/NF/SS-2) In 1985, the DIA SUN STREAK program manager prepared an action plan that: (1) detailed the steps necessary to transition the CENTER LANE unit to DIA; (2) identified SUN STREAK staffing and support needs; and (3) set forth key programmatic requirements for the SUN STREAK activity. The action plan anticipated that time required for achieving a prototype operational capability would be approximately 3 years. Key aspects of this action plan along with additional procedural information, were sent to congressional committees in 1986. The IC staff was also briefed at this time on the action plan and an anticipated SUN STREAK operational development and data evaluation procedures.”

- the classification tag on the first paragraph is typed '(S/SF/SS-2)' with SF, not the 'S/NF/SS-2' used on every other paragraph in the report; I magnified this line to 210% to check and it is definitely SF as printed. Do not normalise it. - 'BACKGROUND' is underlined. - the sentence 'Personnel from the army INSCOM CENTER LANE Project also had been examining similar phenomenon were transferred to DIA...' is ungrammatical as typed (an apparent dropped 'who'); transcribed exactly. 'phenomenon' singular as printed. - 'army' and 'congressional' are lower-case as typed. - no page number is printed on this sheet.

“(S/NF/SS-2) Programmatic and operational requirements identified in the action plan were to: (1) fain special access program (SAP) status (accomplished in March 1985); (2) gain human use approval (granted in March 1985); (3) set up a senior oversight and a task coordinating committee (accomplished -- though not currently activated); (4) establish tight project controls along with an automated data base management and records system (accomplished); and (5) to establish an R/D link for supporting operational capability development (accomplished via HQ SGRD funding and a DARPA MIPR). (S/NF/SS-2) The R/D link, via SRI International, has yielded improved data evaluation procedures, has identified potential personnel selection techniques, and has contributed to training/development methods that are currently in project use. The activity at SRI has undergone extensive review by a 9-member peer review panel to insure that scientific rigor is maintained.”

- '(1) fain special access program (SAP) status' is typed 'fain', evidently a typewriter slip for 'gain' (item (2) on the very next line reads 'gain'). I magnified this line to 210% to confirm; it is 'fain' as printed and I have not corrected it. - the parenthetical '(accomplished -- though not currently activated)' is the only statement in the file about the oversight bodies' present status. - 'SRI International' is spelled out here; elsewhere in the file the abbreviation 'SRI' alone is used. Puthoff, Targ and other individual names do not appear anywhere in these 13 pages. - no page number is printed on this sheet.

“(S/NF/SS-2) The operational projects pursued by SUN STREAK are approved by the program manager and are, in part, based on the program manager's familarity with IC needs and on solicitation from others within the IC who have been briefed into the SUN STREAK program. (S/NF/SS-2) The evaluation performed for this report covers all the operational and operational simulation projects (approximately 200) that have been worked by SUN STREAK personnel since 1986. However, a few special operations also involved use of consultants from the SRI talent pool. These were only a few of the total projects worked, and their results do not alter the overall evaluation presented in this report.”

- 'familarity' is typed thus (missing an i); not corrected. - the sentence 'In way of the operational projects, however, ground truth is usually not known' appears earlier on this same page and is likewise ungrammatical as typed ('In way of' for, apparently, 'In the way of' or 'By way of'). - this page carries no section heading and no page number; it is a continuation sheet, opening mid-sentence with 'simulation targets are usually US military or scientific targets...'. The bottom two-thirds of the sheet is blank, which is where section I ends.

“II EVALUATION (U) 1. DATA BASE (U) (S/NF/SS-2) The SUN STREAK project maintains an extensive record of all project activity. Details include project timing, people involved i.e., viewers, interviewers, and possibly observers), and a variety of other data considered essential for good record keeping and for evaluating project results. ... (S/NF/SS-2) For this evaluation, the data base was subdivided into 6 main project types: (1) scientific and technological (S/T); (2) counterterrorist (CT); (3) counternarcotics (CN); (4) counterintelligence (CI); (5) document contents (Doc Cont); and (6) predictive (pred). Total projects worked for these categories are shown in figure 1. (S/NF/SS-2) Of the nearly 200 projects worked, approximately one-half cannot be evaluated since ground truth is not sufficiently known at this time. For approximately one-fourth of the projects, ground truth is totally known (or highly certain), and for the other one- fourth, ground truth is only partially known but considered sufficient for making a reasonable interim evaluation.”

- the '...' marks material elided between two separated paragraphs on this page: the remainder of the DATA BASE opening paragraph (about automated retrieval, project summaries sent to the program manager, and raw data kept in a separate file, ending '(Additional project record details are in appendix I)') and a following paragraph about a complete reexamination of the entire operational data base. The two blocks either side of the '...' are NOT contiguous. - 'people involved i.e., viewers, interviewers, and possibly observers),' has an unmatched closing parenthesis as typed; not corrected. - 'figure 1.' is underlined in the original, as are the headings 'EVALUATION' and 'DATA BASE'. - no page number is printed on this sheet.

“(S/NF/SS-2) Final evaluations and summaries are prepared by the program manager and his project representative ((who is not part of SUN STREAK staff) in conjunction with the responsible area analyst or Intelligence community point-of- contact. Latest intelligence data and reports on that target site are also reviewed during this process. In some cases, area analysts and the IC points-of-contact provide written appraisals to assist in the final evaluation process. These evaluations are recorded on summary forms and are maintained in the program manager's files. (S/NF/SS-2) An example of an S/T target evaluation is in figure 4. In this case the target site was the [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The project was completed in June 1987 and involved four viewers (2 proven and 2 novice). In this example, the bracket ( ) indicates a best estimate was made since ground truth is not yet totally known. A / / dash means that data”

- '((who is not part of SUN STREAK staff)' has a doubled opening parenthesis as typed; not corrected. 'Intelligence community' is capitalised inconsistently as printed. - REDACTIONS: solid black boxes struck over the text, printed on the page (not white-out). There appear to be TWO separate solid black bars here forming one continuous excision that runs from the end of the line 'the target site was the' across the whole of the following line and stops before 'The project was completed'; I cannot tell with certainty whether this is one redaction or two, so I have marked it as two [REDACTED] spans. Three release-agency codes 'SG1B' with a small empty box glyph after each are printed in the margins beside these bars: two stacked at the right margin (one level with 'is in', one level with the first bar) and one at the left margin level with the second bar. - the page opens mid-sentence ('are the most difficult to evaluate.') and contains the phrase 'sites, Iran possible ambiguous aspects of known ground truth' -- 'Iran' is what is typed there and is plainly a typewriter/scan corruption of another word; transcribed as printed in this note rather than corrected. - 'figure 2', 'Figure 3', 'Appendix II' and 'figure 4' are underlined where they occur on this page. - no page number is printed on this sheet.

“(S/NF/SS-2) A more sophisticated analysis methodology has been recently developed by SRI for use in evaluating complex projects. This methods' main advantage is that it allows quantified estimates to be made for each and every data element with respect to both actual target existence and importance. This technique is currently being examined for use in the SUN STREAK program and has been applied to a few projects. However, it is a labor intensive technique that will probably be used only for select high interest projects in the future. ... 3. EVALUATION RESULTS (U) (S/NF/SS-3) Overall data correlations for all SUN STREAK operational and operational simulation projects performed since 1986 are shown in figure 5. These results were obtained by averaging the data entered on the summary data evaluation sheets for each project primarily for two data categories (i.e. large scale and small scale). The top lines on the bar charts reflect data averages obtained from the proven or experienced viewer.”

- THIS IS THE ONLY PAGE IN THE FILE THAT CARRIES A PRINTED PAGE NUMBER. A faint typed '6' sits centred in the bottom margin, BELOW the modern 'Approved For Release' stamp; I cropped and magnified the bottom band of all ten body/appendix sheets and found a number on this sheet alone. The '6' is legible but light. - the '...' marks an elided paragraph between the two blocks (about most SUN STREAK project types not requiring a complex methodology and being evaluated in a 'black or white' manner by counting hits and misses); the blocks are NOT contiguous. - 'This methods'' with the apostrophe after 'methods' is as typed. - REDACTIONS: two solid black bars at the top of the page, printed over the text. They follow the words 'One of the viewers (101) attempted to describe the site 6 months in the future.' and run to just before the word 'Some'. It is again unclear whether this is one excision or two; I have described rather than quoted it. The margin code 'SG1A' is printed twice at the left margin, once level with each bar. Note this differs from the 'SG1B' codes on pdf p.8. - the viewer here is identified only by the number '(101)', not by name, and the sentence describes performance in an official role, so it is quoted in this note rather than excluded; no medical or psychological material about any identifiable person appears on this page. - 'figure 5' and 'EVALUATION RESULTS' are underlined.

“(S/NF/SS-3) Figure 5 indicates that, on the average, data from proven SUN STREAK viewers for S/T projects will tend to have a 20 percent to 30 percent correlation with ground truth for small scale targets, and a 30 percent to 50 percent correlation with ground truth for large scale target features. Likewise, for CT or CN projects, about 20 percent to 50 percent of SUN STREAK data would be expected to correlate with ground truth. Caution must be exercised in interpreting this data, however, since the data base with many ground truth is quite low. Even though the data base is also small for CI and document reading projects, SUN STREAK data shows a 40 percent to 60 percent correlation level with ground truth for these projects. The document reading projects were, however, carefully isolated and is a known or designated location. Predictive data of the complex event type (e.g., political/military situations or long term) shows a low data correlation (i.e., reliability) of about 10 percent or less. (S/NF/SS-3) If all SUN STREAK projects are averaged together, as shown in figure 6, data correlation would range from about 20 percent for small scale aspects to about 40 percent for large scale aspects.”

- 'since the data base with many ground truth is quite low' and 'were, however, carefully isolated and is a known or designated location' are both ungrammatical as typed; transcribed exactly, not corrected. - the same page continues with a passage about averaging washing out singular high-merit results, citing the identification several months in advance of a specific area in the U.S. where a fugitive was later found, and states 'In this case, SUN STREAK data was not acted upon; fortunately, the fugitive was abducted through other means.' -- 'abducted' is the word typed there, apparently for 'apprehended'; I have left that sentence out of the quote above and note it here rather than silently joining it. - 'Figure 5', 'figure 6' and 'figure 7' are underlined where they occur on this page. - no page number is printed on this sheet.

“III FINDINGS (U) (S/NF/SS-3) The overall data correlations provided in the previous section, although in some instances have a low overall average, are unique enough to warrant further attention and continuous SUN STREAK activity. Even in the lowest reliability case (i.e., predictive), identification of even one important future event out of ten could in fact be highly significant in cost or life saving. There averages also do not do justice for the single unique cases that cost little to act upon, as in the case of the fugitive location cited in section 3. (S/NF/SS-3) Specific findings that resulted from in-depth review of the entire SUN STREAK data base include: o some individuals performance correlates with project type. This observation has already assisted in better task/person matching, and overall data correlations would be expected to improve in the future. o SUN STREAK has a distinct potential for direct contribution to certain CI, CN and CT cases, as born out by specific instances over the past two years. o Predictive data is promising under certain conditions, such as near term events or situations that do not involve complex interactions. o S/T data, though having promise for select tasks, does not yield parametric data. o SUN STREAK viewers work well under operational stress. It may be that an environment of operational stress with a clear and immediate need has a crucial focusing effect that enables RV to function better. o Obtaining highly reliable RV data and then applying it to real operational projects is difficult. However, it is evident that continued work with RV data does result in greater insight on how best to use RV data and on how best to utilize RV talent available. Thus, it is anticipated that RV data utility will increase as experience of the SUN STREAK team grows.”

- this is the whole of section III as it appears in this file; nothing follows it but the two appendix divider sheets. There is no separate RECOMMENDATIONS section, no funding figure, no personnel number and no statement about the programme's budget or future beyond the phrase 'warrant further attention and continuous SUN STREAK activity'. - the lead-in phrase of the first five bullets is underlined in the original (through 'project type.', 'certain CI, CN and CT cases', 'promising under certain conditions,', 'does not yield parametric data.', 'work well under operational stress.'); the sixth bullet is not underlined. - 'There averages' is typed thus, apparently for 'These averages'; 'some individuals performance' lacks the apostrophe; 'as born out by' is typed thus for 'borne out'. None corrected. - the cross-reference reads 'cited in section 3', which points to sub-part 3 of section II, not to a section III. - no page number is printed on this sheet.

“APPENDIX I PROJECT RECORD DETAILS”

- both lines are centred and underlined, sitting about a third of the way down an otherwise entirely blank sheet. NO APPENDIX I CONTENT FOLLOWS: the next and last sheet in the file is the Appendix II divider. Whatever Appendix I contained is not in these 13 pages. - no page number is printed on this sheet.

“APPENDIX II DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS TO ANALYST/DATA REVIEWERS”

- 'APPENDIX II' is centred and underlined; the title line below it is centred and NOT underlined, unlike the Appendix I sheet where both lines are underlined. - the title reads 'ANALYST/DATA REVIEWERS' (singular ANALYST) whereas the contents page at pdf p.2 lists it as 'ANALYSTS/DATA REVIEWERS' (plural). Both transcribed as printed; I have not normalised either. - NO APPENDIX II CONTENT FOLLOWS; this is the final page of the file. - no page number is printed on this sheet.